Accusations Towards Israel for Use of White Phosphorus in Gaza: Detailed Analysis

Human Rights Watch (HRW) last week put forth a claim that the Israeli military used white phosphorus in recent altercations in Lebanon and Gaza. The verification of these claims was done through a combination of interviews, video evidence and shows the possible use of this chemical agent in two locations along the Israel-Lebanon border and over Gaza City's port.

White phosphorus, a wax-like toxic substance, is known to burn at incredibly high temperatures, even burning hot enough to melt metal. Militaries often make use of it for its ability to ignite quickly, spread wide-area fires, and create thick smoke that lasts for about seven minutes, often serving to obscure the battlefield.

According to Lama Fakih, Middle East and North Africa director at HRW, white phosphorus is unlawfully indiscriminate in populated areas. It can lead to the destruction of homes and inflict severe harm to civilians. The Israeli military responded to these allegations, stating that they are not currently aware of the usage of weapons containing white phosphorus in Gaza.

One of the biggest concerns about white phosphorus is its capacity to cause harm to humans. The chemical can burn the skin down to the bone and when absorbed by the body, it can cause multiple organ dysfunction. Roman Hossein Khonsari, a professor of maxillofacial surgery and plastic surgery, notes that burns are not the only threat. Metabolic disorders triggered by white phosphorus can include abnormal potassium levels leading to heart failure.

Even though white phosphorus is not listed as an "incendiary weapon" as per international conventions, its potential misuse raises concern. Both Israel and the US have maintained that their usage of white phosphorus is in line with international regulations. However, HRW has in the past criticized Israel for its use of white phosphorus, citing the 22-day-long "Operation Cast Lead" in Gaza back in 2008-09, as an instance.